Is it Time to Put Geothermal Energy Development on the Fast Track

Meeting energy demands is one of the most important factors to achieve sustainability. A reliable and affordable alternative source of energy can enhance broad economic gains. Geothermal energy is an important alternative source of energy that can increase energy production and enhance environmental safety. It is an important source of renewable energy that generates electricity (DiPippo, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is it Time to Put Geothermal Energy Development on the Fast Track? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Geothermal energy is obtained when heat from the Earth’s crust is released close to earth’s surface. When the underlying rocks have cracks, the heated ground water erupts through the cracks as geysers that are transformed in to geothermal power (Karsner and Petty, 2007).Geothermal power is a reliable, flexible, and green energy resource which can supply significant amounts of po wer for domestic and industrial use. Turpin (2003) posits that geothermal heat pumps have been used in homes and for commercial heating purposes. However, to produce energy from the geothermal sources require engineering techniques, funds, and political commitment. In order to meet the national goal of achieving 20% of the total electrical energy production in the U.S. by not later than 2030, geothermal power provides a better option because it is a major renewable energy source that contributes to the security of the nation, hence limiting the dependence on fossil fuels. Moreover, it minimizes the risks associated with the fluctuations in oil prices, and enhances the growth and development of new infrastructures. Therefore, geothermal energy is an economical source of energy because its production depends on a constant supply of free energy (Karsner and Petty, 2007). Due to an increase in energy demand, geothermal energy provides a better alternative for energy to sustain the world ’s growing population (Karsner and Petty (2007). The feasibility of geothermal energy depends on its supply and competitiveness in terms of its availability, cost of extraction, and reliability. Furthermore, the supply of geothermal energy is practicable in only certain locations. Thus, it can be made more available with improvements on engineering technologies that are used to produce energy from the geothermal sources (Karsner and Petty, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Geothermal energy is divided into hydrothermal, enhanced geothermal systems, geopressured, and a fluid co-produced with oil and gas. These geothermal technologies have been developed commercially worldwide. Enhanced Geothermal System is an important technology that enables the geothermal sources that lack sufficient water or permeability to be developed. The main purpose is to tap energy from hot permeable rocks. Geothermal energy extracted from Enhanced Geothermal System can provide electricity at a range that can greatly improve the U.S. energy supply to meet the increasing demands. EGS can produce up to an approximately 100,000 MW of electricity by the year 2050 depending on the availability of geothermal sources (Karsner and Petty, 2007). According to DiPippo (2011) it is projected that energy generated by geothermal power plants will double in the year 2030 up from 18 billion kWh achieved in the year 2010. In conclusion, the implementation of geothermal energy, as an alternative renewable energy, should be done with proper evaluation of its merits and demerits. The development of Enhanced Geothermal System can provide a secure alternative source of geothermal power that would help minimize economic instabilities that result from fossil fuel market fluctuations and supply uncertainties (Karsner and Petty, 2007). It is necessary to put more efforts towards developing geothermal power because it is cleaner and environmentally sustainable. Bibliography DiPippo, Ronald. 2011. â€Å"Geothermal energy: Electricity generation and environmental impact.† Energy Policy, Vol. 19 (8) 798-807.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is it Time to Put Geothermal Energy Development on the Fast Track? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Petty, Susan, and Karsner Alexander. 2007. Is it time to put geothermal energy development on the fast track? From testimony on the national geothermal initiative Act of 2007 before the senate committee on energy and natural resources, No. 9. 170-185. Turpin, Joanna R. 2003. â€Å"Commercial geothermal: Bright spot in a gloomy economy.† Air conditioning heating refrigeration news, Vol. 1:1-3. This essay on Is it Time to Put Geothermal Energy Development on the Fast Track? was written and submitted by user Danny Best to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

google case study Essays

google case study Essays google case study Paper google case study Paper Question- 1 With a portfolio as diverse as Googles, what are the companys core brand values? Ans: With a diverse portfolio, Google has its underlying core brand values. These core brand values are as follows Good Work Environment: As a global corporate citizen, Google has always tried hard to be one of the Good Guys in the corporate world, underneath a touchy-feely work environment. Basically Google hires great people and expect a lot from them in return. They also try to create an environment where people can prosper and grow. They treat their people with Justice and respect; share and welcome ideas openly. Doing the Right Things: Within its corporate culture, Google always encourages well-built ethics with an eminent founding credo: Dont be Evil. Honesty and integrity in all they do and their business practices are beyond criticism. They have a motto of making money by doing good things. Offering Prime Online Services: Google adds value by providing tools to the advertisers better target their ads and better understand the effectiveness of their marketing. Google Analytics, free to Googles advertisers, provides a custom report, or dashboard, detailing how Internet users found the site, what ads they saw and/or clicked on, how they behaved while here and how much traffic was generated. Technology Innovation: Google always apply their technology and creativity to solve important problems and come up with new ideas. As a result they are in a quest of building the worlds best technology and products. : Marketing Asset Management: With its ability to deploy data that enable up-to-the minute improvements in a Web marketing program, Google supports a style of marketing in which the advertising resources and budget can be constantly monitored and optimized. Question-2 Whats next for Google? Is it doing the right thing taking on Microsoft with the concept f cloud computing, and Apple in the fght for smart phones? Ans: With the advancement of science and technology, Google is trying to come up with new products and services ideas which seemed beyond individuals imagination. Googles stage of development starts within Google Labs, which lists new products available for testing. It next moves to beta status, where invited users test early prototypes. Once the product is fully tested and ready to be released to the general public, it moves into the gold stage as a core Google product. As their next projects, they have come up with Google Voice and Google Glass. According to my point of view, Google is doing well against Microsofts Cloud Computing concept and Apples smart phones. Google Vs. Microsofts Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. Google is doing well with this kind of applications where they already inaugurated two of their cloud computing applications which are Going Google and Google Drive. These are the two software where a person can store data here. And the user can access to getting popular to the smart phone users with Android Operating System. Google Vs. Apple Smartphone: Google is also going big in the mobile category. In 2008 it launched Android; a mobile operating system with which Google went head-to-head with Apples iPhone. Although many still prefer Apples platform, but most importantly, Android is free, open sourced, and backed by a multimillion-dollar investment. On the other hand, the iPhone is available only through few distribution channels. In case of applications availability, Android has a wide range of free applications where Apple is lag behind them. Along with this, some other differentiations establish Google as a strong competitor of Apples smart phones.

COMPASSION FETIGUE and BURNED OUT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COMPASSION FETIGUE and BURNED OUT - Essay Example Though under these conditions, the healthcare service providers may continue to provide their services however, their natural urge and tendency to provide the care as well as the compassion can decrease too. However, with right tools and techniques this could be averted and the caregivers can actually rehabilitate themselves to provide the same level of support and care to their patients. As a part of the renewal process, the caregivers can actually recharge their batteries and renew themselves to revive their hopes and provide the same level of compassion and care to their patients. In this paper, the nature and extent of the compassion fatigue will be discussed besides explaining the emotional, spiritual as well as physical needs of the caregivers besides discussing as to how the caregivers can actually cope with this. Compassion Fatigue Over the period of time, as the healthcare services providers cope with the system and become regular in treating and caring their customers, a te ndency starts to develop in them which can result into strong physical, spiritual as well as emotional burnout for them. ... The demands of managed care therefore are creating strong influences over the healthcare service providers to deliver a certain level of service to their patients and clients. However, as the interaction of the patients and healthcare givers increases, there emerges a tendency which can actually compromise the professional ability of the caregivers. (Jeffrey R. Funk, 2004) What is also important to note that the compassion fatigue often results into certain emotional, spiritual as well as physical symptoms which can further compromise the ability of the caregivers to provide proper care services. The emergence of feelings of hopelessness, negative attitude as well as feeling sick and tired may cause strong physical and emotional burnout for the caregivers. It is therefore critical that these needs of the caregivers are taken care of. Physical, Spiritual and Emotional Needs of the caregivers Caregiving can often become a 24 hrs job which can potentially sap the energy and will out of the caregivers. A typical caregiver spends most of his or her time to take care of the patients or dependents and resultantly develop symptoms which can be detrimental to his own health. One of the key physical symptoms of the compassion fatigue is the lack of sleep which can start to take its toll on the body of the caregiver. Sustained level of insomnia or sleeplessness therefore can result into significant physical health problems for the caregivers. It has been argued that the brain’s frontal lobe depends upon the adequate sleep and rest to perform effectively and in the absence of quality sleep, certain emotional responses or reactions could emerge too. (Endicott, 2011) It is

The Patriot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Patriot - Essay Example The Continental army puts him in charge of the Colonial Militia. Despite of being few, untrained and unorganized, they managed to achieve several victories including a major success in the Battle of Cowpens leading to the ultimate freedom of America. It is critical to assess how a small number of American rebels used various fighting tactics to defeat the relatively huge, well-trained and well-armed British Regular Army. As Martin knew that ill-experienced militia was not able to beat the British army in open battles, he had to train his men for rather different fighting tactics. Martin while talking to his son said that â€Å"Going muzzle-to-muzzle with Redcoats in open fields, it is madness† (The Patriot). The militia trained by Martin and Major Jean Villeneuve of the French army mostly employed Guerilla warfare tactics to fight the British. These tactics helped at damaging British supply lines and routes, recovering goods and harassing the enemy soldiers effectively. During their very first attack on enemy, the militia was shown to be hidden in the fields, trees and behind the rocks to take them suddenly before they could even react. They attacked from all sides individually leaving British soldiers with no other option but to die or flee.

Frankenstein Passion For Knowledge Is His Demise English Literature Essay

Frankenstein Passion For Knowledge Is His Demise English Literature Essay Thesis: Victor Frankenstein had such a curiosity for life, death, science and electricity. Victor leaves everything he knows to further his education. His thirst for knowledge controlled his life. His goal was to find a way to dissolve all sickness and keep the human body alive. He was trying to play God. He was creating life from death. He would create a monster that he immediately rejects, due to his appearance. This rejection plays a major part in the monsters hatred for others. While creating this creature, Victor thought it would have great respect and loyalty to him. Victor brought life to this creature without thinking of the consequences. He was in this world all alone. In the beginning he was merely a lost innocent soul. The monster just wanted to be loved. He just wanted to be accepted. Since acceptance was not a choice for him. He wanted Victor to make another creature like him, but of course a female. He wanted the kind of love he seen in Victor and Elizabeth. If he could not have this love and happiness, then he would take his creators happiness. In the end, this monster took everything Victor had ever loved, even his life. Frankensteins Passion for Knowledge A. Victor was very curious about life and death early in life. B. After the death of his mother, Victor left his true love to pursue his education. C. Victors passion for a way to preserve life was even stronger after the death of his mother. II. Frankensteins Creation A. Victor innocently created this monstrous being. B. Victor worked for a long period of time to try to perfect life. He thought this creature would be grateful to him for giving him life. C. Victor was really trying to play God; he was trying to give life to death. III. The Monsters Innocence, Love, and Kindness turns to Anger A. Victor rejected his creation. B. The monsters anger came from the rejection shown by Victor. The monsters appearance was so hideous; he hated his creator for making him this way. C. The monster also had a yearning for knowledge, which increased his senses and peaked his curiosity. The Monster learned from the villagers from afar. IV. Frankensteins Passion would also be his Demise. A. The Monster demanded a mate, so that he to could also be loved and feel that experience. B. The Monster just wanted to be loved. He wanted the kind of love the villagers shared. Victor decided not to give it to him a mate. C. He killed Victors friends and family out of rage. The monster would also be the death of Victor Frankenstein: Passion for Knowledge is his Demise In the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein had a great curiosity for life and death at a very early age. He became very interested in electricity after lightening had struck a tree near his home. He thought if electricity could destroy something so massive, what it could create. Victor then started to experiment with electricity. He made a small electrical machine and also made a kite with a wire for a string to try to harness the electricity. Victor had a great yearning for knowledge about life and death. His favorite philosophers of science were Cornelius Agrippa, Albertus Magnus, and Paraclesus, they intrigued his imagination. He also learned several different languages in order to pursue different philosophers. Victor had been to school in Geneva, but his father thought that he needed to further his education, so he suggested that he go the a University in Ingolstadt to complete his education. As Victor was to go off to school, his mother became very ill with Scarlet Fever. She told Victor and Elizabeth that she wanted them to be joined together forever. She knew she was dying and told the children that she will indulge of the hopes of meeting them in another world. His mother dies calmly with her children by her side. Victor loved his mother very much. She was like a part of him that was gone forever. He expressed his feelings of a void in his soul. This was hard for him to accept, but he knew he must continue with hi s regular duties. His journey to Ingolstadt was delayed by the death of his mother. He was even more eager to learn about life and death with the passing of his mother. Victor went to Ingolstadt alone. Elizabeth had to stay home and take care of the younger children, Ernest and William. Henry Clerval, his best friend, went to work for his father. Victor started his classes at the University, he had two different instructors. He went to visit M. Krempe, professor of natural philosophy. Victor expressed his works he thought most interesting. Krempe told him he had wasted his time studying the likes of exploded systems and useless names. He told him he must start his studies anew and gave him a list of books he needed to read. Victor returned to his apartment, he did feel the need to read such book that he has so strongly probated. He then spent the next few days in solitude. He then went to M. Waldens class who was a professor of chemistry. He liked this professor much better than Krempe. After a few experiments, he concluded the session with in which Victor will never forget, The ancient teachers of science promised impossibilities, and performed not hing. The modern masters promised very little; they know that metals cannot be transmuted, and that the elixir of life is a chimera. But the philosophers, whose hands seem only made to dabble in dirt, and their eyes to pour over the microscope or crucible; have indeed performed miracles. They penetrate into the recess of nature, shew how she works in her hiding places. They ascent into the heavens; they have discovered how the blood circulates, and the most nature of the air we breathe. They have acquired almost all new unlimited powers; they can command the thunders of heaven, mimic the earthquake and even mock the invisible world with its own shadows. (28). He later spoke privately to M. Walden. Victor told Walden that his lectures had removed his prejudices against modern chemistry. Walden was pleased with this statement. Walden took Victor into his laboratory and showed him his devices. Walden also told him to study mathematics and when he had advanced enough he could use the equipment in his lab. He also gave him a list of books to read. Victor knew this was an eventful day, a day he would never forget. This day had decided Victors future destiny. He then focused his studies natural philosophy and particularly chemistry. He threw himself into all his studies. He would sometimes work/study until early morning. His full attention was on his pursuit of his discoveries, in which he had high hopes of making. He had not been home in several years. He felt as thought he had improved as much as he could through the University and was planning to go back to Geneva, when an incident protracted him to stay. Victor learned he must examine the course of life he must first have recourse of death. He then became very familiar with anatomy. He also studied the decay of life; he became able to bestow animation upon lifeless matter. He spent several months collecting his materials, to make his creature. He finally begins to puts all the pieces together. While creating this creature, Victor thought it would be grateful to its creator. Victor thought it would owe their being and happiness to him. He hoped to renew life where death had corrupted the body. He worked thru the summer and Victor had still not written or visited home. He was working on the conclusion of his masterpiece. His work had started to make him sick; he ran a low grade fever each night and became nervous to a painful degree. He had once enjoyed his health and then he promised to get more exercise and amusement when the creation was complete. The creature is complete. After all the hard work that he put into this being, it was a hideous creature. Victor had given up rest and his health to create such an ugly being. Victor was filled with horror and disgust. Unable to endure the creature he created he rushed out of the room. Dreams now become a he ll. His friend Henry had come to see him surprisingly. He felt joy for the first time in several months. He took Henry back to his apartment, but first went to check to see if the creature was gone, and he was. Then he led Henry up the stairs to the apartment. Victor then got a nervous fever, which confined him for several months. Henry was Victors only nurse. Henry would also write home for Victor to keep in touch with his family. Henry did not tell the family that Victor was extremely sick. Finally Victor began to recover. He asked Henry what he could do for him. He told him to write home in his own handwriting and let his family know that he was better. Victor was awaiting a letter from his father, to let him know when to come home. The letter Victor received was something a little different than expected. Victor received a letter from his father asking him to return home immediately. His youngest brother William had been murdered. His father did not know who had killed William. When Victor returned home he was told that Justine Moritz was the murderer. He was for sure there must be a mistake. Justine would not have hurt William. The family tried to help Justine. The evidence of the photo that was placed in her possession this leads the court to declare her guilty and she was put to death. The actual murderer was the monster. The monster killed William to get revenge upon Victor for rejecting him or even creating him. The monster and Victor finally meet up. The monster told Victor his struggles since his birth. He knew nothing when he was created. He learned thirst, hunger and cold very quickly. The monster told Victor of how cruel people had been to him, just because of his appearance. He was an innocent soul. He finally took refuge in a building, near a cottage where some villagers lived. He watched these people and learned from them. He learned to speak and read. He more importantly learned of giving, caring, intimacy and love. He helped the villagers gather wood for their fire and vegetables from their garden, from afar. He wanted so badly to be part of that family. They had all that he knew of as being right in the world. They had food, shelter, fire, clothes and each others company. What more could one ask for? When the monster goes to talk to these people they feared for their life, just to look at this monster. He was so scary that people did not give him a chance to even speak. People imm ediately thought he would hurt them. They too were mean to him and hit him with sticks to make him run away. This is what made him so angry and even more eager for revenge on his creator. The monster spoke to Victor and demanded he make him a mate. He just wanted to be loved. He wanted to be able to share the kind of life he seen with the villagers, with a mate of his own. He only wanted to be happy. He would go far away from civilization and live with this other monster, if only Victor would comply. Victor was reluctant at first but then told the monster he would create one more of his kind. Then the monster gave Victor back his journal and told him he would be watching him. Victor went back to Ingolstadt and started working on the female. He worked for a long period of time to try to reconstruct another creature. His friend, Henry, tried to talk him out of making another creature. Henry told him, he will only continue to demand more from you. The monster watched Victor from afar. Then one night, Victor realized that what he was doing was very wrong. He was not God; he should not be creating life from death. Victor then destroys the body. The monster was enraged with anger. How can you deprive me of happiness? The monster then tells Victor, If you can not give me happiness then I will take yours (00). He also tells Victor, I will be with you on your wedding night. He promised to make Victors life miserable. So the monster takes off once more. The monster then kills his friend Henry. Victor is accused of the murder and was taken to prison to wait his fate. He became very ill once more and was nursed back to health while in prison. Mr. Kirwin had written to his family to tell them of Victors situation and his father was to come see him. Victors father finally arrives in Ingolstadt. Victor was soon to have a trail, but not one of public proportion. The grand jury left it up to the lower courts to decide. Mr. Kirwin was helpful in getting witnesses for Victor for his trial. They did not have enough evidence to convict Victor, so he was set free. He and his father started their travels home. They had several stops along the way. Victor receives a letter from Elizabeth. She tells of her love for him, but wonders if he may have found another love while out in the world away from Geneva. She worries greatly as to the reason for his sadness. He writes back to her from Paris to let her know that he truly loves her, but that he does have an awful secret that makes his so miserable. Victor tells Elizabeth that he will confess this secret the night after their wedding. Victor and his father arrive home in Geneva. Elizabeth was so excited to see him. See rushed out to hug him and she starts to cry as she sees how emancipated he had become. She was just so happy for him to be home. Alphonse then spoke of a wedding for the two of them, so it was set to take place in ten days. Victor was excited to be marrying his true love, but was so very frightened of what may happen on his wedding night. All he could this of was the monster telling him I will be with you on your wedding night. As the wedding day grew closer the more heart sick Victor became. Victor just wanted to be happy and for Elizabeth to be happy. Victor took every precaution to protect himself. He carried pistols and a dagger, which gave him some tranquility. He somehow started to this of the threat from the monster as a delusion and focused himself more on his happiness. Victors father was so joyful and excited about the wedding as he made all the plans. After the wedding, the reception was held at his fathers house. Elizabeth and Victor were to retreat to Evian and then return to their new home in Colgony the next day. They started their journey toward Evian by way of water. This would be the last moments in which he would have feelings of happiness. They landed about 8 oclock. They had talked on the journey; Elizabeth was a little quieter but expressed that even if her face did not show her happiness that it was in her heart. Victor had been calm during the day, but now after dark he became very agitated and nervous. He became so nervous, he made Elizabeth retire to her room. Victor then inspected the entire inn. He could not see a way that the monster could get in. Then Victor heard a shrill and dreadful scream, it was repeated again just before he entered Elizabeths room. Victor found her lifeless and her head hung over the bed. He could not bare this site. Victor then fainted. He awakened to find the inns people around him. He went to Elizabeth and held her cold l ifeless body and wept in agony and despair. He looked up to see something in the window; it was the monster pointing toward Elizabeth with a grin on his face. Victor took his pistol out and shot at him but he went into the lake. The inns people came when they heard the shot and Victor explained he was in the lake. A search was conducted for him without success. Victor knew his father would expect their return. Victor quickly returned back to Geneva. Victor kept thinking that my father and Ernest could also be in danger. When he returned his family were alive. Victors father could not live under the horrors that were accumulated around him. His father took an apoplectic fit and died a few days later, in his arms. Victor then lost all concepts for life and was retired to a solitary cell for several months. When Victor awakened to reason, he awakened to revenge. Victor had asked for help in finding this monster, but was turned away. He gathered some things and was leaving Geneva. He came upon the grave sites of his family and kissed the ground and vowed to pursue the daemon that caused this misery and fight him till the death. The monster was there and whispered to him I am satisfied: miserable wretch! You have determined to live, and I am satisfied. (141). Victor tried to catch him, but his speed was that of an unnatural being. So Victor searches for him for several months. Victor would go until his huger would overtake him. He became very weak. Victor followed his creation for several weeks. He traded his horse in for a sled and dogs to continue his tract toward the north. Victor at last had Frankenstein in his sites, so he stopped and got some an hour of rest then he continued his search with vengeance. He got closer and closer to the monster. He then lost site of him, waves had broken up the ice of the sea and Victor was left stranded on a piece of ice in the middle of the ocean. Victor spends a few days on this iceberg with no hopes of surviving, two of his dogs died. Then out of no where he sees a ship stuck in the ice and they pull him ashore. The Captain takes him to his cabin to try to nurse him back to health. He was very weak and sick. Victor tells the Captain of his story. Victor asks the Captain to continue his search for the monster and to destroy him if he dies. Victor became weaker and weaker. Victor dies with his task undone. The Captain had retired to his room and then he hears a voice coming from the cabin where Victors body remains. The Captain enters the room to see this wretch of a man. The monster was talking to his creator. The monster said That is also my victim!(153). The monster was saddened by Victors death. He wanted a pardon form his creator, but it was to late. The monster said, Farewell Frankenstein! I shall now die and what I now feel shall be no longer felt. Soon these burning miseries will be extinct. I shall ascend my funeral pile triumphantly, and exult in the agony of the torturing flames. The light of that conflagration will fade away; my ashes will be swept into the sea by the winds. My spirit will sleep in peace; or if it thinks, it will not surely think thus. Farewell! (156) This creature had wanted revenge on Victor. He wanted him to suffer. He wanted him to be in misery. He took all that was good in Victors life. He took his brother, friend and most importantly his wife. Victor was haunted by his own creation. He has now at last destroyed Victor! As I look back on the story, this was nothing like I had expected. I always thought of Frankenstein as just a Monster, which is definitely not the case. I felt this story was more of a love story than anything else. He was an innocent creature. He just wanted to be loved. In the story Mary Shelley makes a few references about God. Shelley refers to the monster as like Adam was to God. Only Adam had a father who loved him. Frankenstein did not. I think her theme is mostly about innocence of this creature and also of the innocence of Victor himself. As he created this creature he was not thinking of this outcome. He thought of a beautiful being. He was merely trying to abolish sickness in the world and come up with a lot more than he expected. Also, Shelly shows how hatred and vengeance can destroy the mind and the body. Shelly shows us that it is great to always want to better ourselves but if it takes your happiness then is it really worth it? In my eyes they both went to extremes to learn about different things; Victor about science and the Monster about life, love, and happiness. A human being should always preserve a calm and peaceful mind; never let passion or desire disturb tranquility. If the studies to which you apply yourself weakens your affections or destroy your simple pleasures then that is not benefiting the human mind. Works Cited Page Bentley, Colene. Family, Humanity, Polity: Theorizing the Basis and Boundaries of Political Community in Frankenstein. Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, Volume 47.3. Bloom, Harold. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, New Edition, Blooms Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2008. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Brackett, Virginia. Frankenstein. Facts On File Companion to the British Novel: Beginnings through the 19th Century, Vol. 1. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Burt, Daniel S. Frankenstein. The Novel 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Novels of All Time. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2004. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. DAmmassa, Don. Frankenstein. Encyclopedia of Fantasy and Horror Fiction. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Frankenstein Movie. Hallmark: 2004 Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. WW Norton Company, Inc.: 1996 Sherwin, Paul. Frankenstein: Creation as Catastrophe. PMLA (1981). Quoted as Frankenstein: Creation as Catastrophe in Bloom, Harold, ed. The Sublime, Blooms Literary Themes.New York: Chelsea House Publishing, 2010. Blooms Literary Reference Online. FactsOn File, Inc. Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Frankenstein. Encyclopedia of Gothic Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2005. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc.

Rise of the Superpowers :: Superpowers International Affairs War Essays

Rise of the Superpowers It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world’s largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ‘five year plans’ to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt’s isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry’s capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to the point of concern to the USSR. Russian foreign policy was fundamentally Leninist in its concern to keep the USSR out of war. Stalin wanted to consolidate Communist power and modernise the country's industry. The Soviet Union was committed to collective action for peace, as long as that commitment did not mean that the Soviet Union would take a brunt of a Nazi attack as a result. Examples of this can be seen in the Soviet Unions’ attempts to achieve a mutual assistance treaty with Britain and France. These treaties, however, were designed more to create security for the West, as opposed to keeping all three signatories from harm. At the same time, Stalin was attempting to

Project management approaches for dynamic environments Essay

This paper sets out to investigate the nature of projects  conducted in fast changing environments. Examples and  theory are used to illustrate the nature and challenges of  this category. Suitable management approaches are identiï ¬ ed under the following headings: Planning, Experimentation, Lifecycle, Controls, Culture, Communication, and Leadership style. The dynamic project category.  The paper closes with recommendations for further  research. In this paper, control is taken to mean the mechanisms through  which resources are managed to achieve objectives [1], and is diï ¬â‚¬erent to the PMBOK ‘technique’ [2] which is strictly focused on bringing activities in line with a plan [3]. The term dynamic is taken to mean characterised by constant change [4]. In the project management context dynamism is taken to be a dimension of a project  that represents the extent to which a project is inï ¬â€šuenced by changes in the environment in which it is conducted. This paper argues that this is a non-binary dimension that  applies in varying degrees to all projects, so strictly any  given project is neither ‘dynamic’ nor ‘not dynamic’. All projects have some degree of dynamism, so the dimension  is not dichotomic. Therefore, the ideas in this paper may be applied in varying degrees to any project as deemed appropriate. For the sake of simplicity though, for the remainder of this paper, a dynamic project is taken to be one that is  necessarily subject to higher than normal levels of change  due to the environment in which it is conducted. The business environment is changing at an increasing  pace [5–7]. Rothwell and Zegveld [8] went so far as to say we are in the midst of a technology explosion. They argued  that 90% of our technical knowledge has been generated in  the last 55 years, and that technical knowledge will continue to increase exponentially. Perrino and Tipping [9] reported  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Ëœthe pace of technology is accelerating, raising the stakes and risks for  managing innovation, and requiring early  warning and shorter response time†. Change, in all forms  of technology and business processes, can be regarded as  increasingly pervasive and providing challenges even where high technology is not a core business, such as in mining  [10]. Consider how the Australian Submarine project was  challenged by developments in the IT industry between  the 1980s design phase, and sea trials decades later [7].  This paper will now investigate dynamic projects from a  theoretical point of view. Gray and Larson [11] argued that    Pich, Loch and De Meyer [12] describe a type of project  that encounters unknown unknowns and how it is best suited to what they called a ‘learning’ strategy which involves scanning, problem solving and ï ¬â€šexibility. They argue that  this is distinct from projects conducted in well understood  environments which are suited to ‘instructionism’, and distinct from  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœselectionism’ where the most fruitful initiative is chosen after a pool of trials. Turner and Cochran [13]  espouse the ‘goals and methods matrix’ that describes four diï ¬â‚¬erent types of project according to how well deï ¬ ned the methods and goals are. Projects can have poorly deï ¬ ned  goals (‘ï ¬ re’) or poorly deï ¬ ned methods (‘water’), or both (‘air’).  Shenhar and Wideman [14] describe a type of project that involves high levels of uncertainty, using technologies together for the ï ¬ rst time. They call these ‘high tech’ [14]. They also describe a type of project that actually creates  new technologies, called ‘super high tech’. Shenhar [15] describes how ‘low technology’ projects are typically performed in construction, production and utilities, and high technology projects in the computer, aerospace and electronics industries. He oï ¬â‚¬ers building and bridge construction as examples of low technology projects. The key diï ¬â‚¬erence to Shenhar is the level of development work  involved, in that low technology projects have little, and high technology projects have considerable levels and usually require prototyping. Shenhar and Wideman [14] argue that another key diï ¬â‚¬erence is the number of design  cycles. In low technology projects they say there is typically only one cycle with a freeze before development, and with high technology there are at least two, typically  three cycles. Operational  work  Cioï ¬Æ' [16] suggests that ‘projects’ be placed on a spectrum of ‘newness’ from operational to project. The idea has been adapted in Fig. 1 to illustrate the sliding scale  of unknowns that applies to projects. Unknowns in this  sense refer to any aspect of the project, including the methods to achieve it, the objective, and the environment it has to operate in. The guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) [2] describes  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœprogressive elaboration’, where planning is developed in greater detail as the project progresses. Using progressive elaboration to ï ¬ ll knowledge gaps, it might be possible to move a project to the left in  Fig. 1, thereby achieving the objective in a more predictable fashion. However, rapid changes in the environment, including tools and methods, and attempts to innovate,  act to push the project to the right, increasing unknowns.  The two forces of exploration and change act against each  other continuously throughout the project. The challenge is to conduct exploration at a greater rate than the emergence  of environmental change. It is also important to ensure that the amount of change created by the exploration and  implementation is not counterproductive overall. An example of Project A in Fig. 1 might be a production line where there only variable is the colour required.    The intention here is to review literature to provide a  broad overview of approaches that might be used to better  deal with dynamic environments. Approaches were broken down as follows: