How to Use the Spanish Word Como

How to Use the Spanish Word Como Como is a common and useful word in Spanish that is frequently used to compare two things, persons, or actions that are similar. Como Often Equivalent to Like or As Como is frequently used as a preposition or conjunction that means like or as. Regardless of which of the two parts of speech it is used as, it is generally understood much the same way by English speakers, so this introductory lesson will look at examples of its usage as both parts of speech together. (Note: English translations used in this lesson reflect English as it is frequently spoken rather than distinguishing among proper uses of like and as.) Como nearly always means something similar to in the manner of and/or is used to make actual or implied comparisons: Piense como un millonario. (Think like a millionaire.)Dice que usa las redes sociales como un presidente moderno. (He says he uses social networks like a modern president.)Si se parece a un pato, anda como un pato y grazna como un pato, entonces es un pato. (If it seems like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then its a duck.)Te quiero, pero como amigo. (I love you, but as a friend.)No hay nadie como Francisco. (There is nobody like Francisco.) ¡No me trates como un perro! (Dont treat me like a dog!)Como tu profesor, quiero ayudarte y ser tu amiga. (As your teacher, I want to help you and be your friend.)No duermo como antes. (I dont sleep like I did before.)He decidido vestirme como quiero. (I have decided to dress myself the way I want.)Te odio como jams he odiado a nadie. (I hate you like Ive never hated anyone before.)Como era de esperar, la pelà ­cula ha batido todos los rà ©cords. (As expected, the film has broken all records.)Mà ­rame como si fuera la prim era vez. (Look at me as if it were the first time.) Salieron como si nada hubiera pasado. (They left as if nothing had happened.)El cine se lo conoce como el sà ©ptimo arte. (Cinema is known as the seventh art.)Quiero la piel como estaba antes. (I want my skin to like it was before.) Como the conjunction/preposition should not be confused with the homonym como, the first-person singular indicative form of comer that means I eat. Como in Approximations Colloquially, como is sometimes used for approximations. Typical translations include about and approximately. Tengo un primo que pesa como 200 kilogramos. (I have a cousin who weighs approximately 200 kilograms.)Maneje como dos millas pasando la gasolinera Texaco. (Drive about two miles, passing the Texaco gas station.)Al final me costà ³ como mil dà ³lares tomar el examen. (In the end, it cost me something like $1,000 to take the text.)Llevo como dos semanas intentando comprar los boletos en là ­nea para el concierto. (I spent about two weeks trying to buy the tickets online for the concert.) Using Como for How With an orthographic accent, cà ³mo becomes an adverb and is often translated as how. This occurs most often in questions and indirect questions:  ¿Cà ³mo ests? (How are you?) ¿Cà ³mo puedo adquirir un pasaporte? (How can I get a passport?) ¿Cà ³mo puede algo tan pequeà ±o hacerte sentir tan grande? (How can something so small make you feel so great?)No sà © cà ³mo bajar los fotos del servidor. (I dont know how to download the photos from the server. Note: This is an example of cà ³mo being used in an indirect question.)No me importa cà ³mo lo haces. (It doesnt matter to me how you do it.)

Narrative Essays

Narrative Essays Narrative Essays As a mode of critical essay writing, the narrative approach, offers writers to think and write about themselves. All of us have experiences that are worth to share with essay readers. Writing an essay on narrative essay topics you tell a story. There are many ways to write narrative essays and you should either follow the format required by your teacher or develop the one you feel comfortable with. To involve the reader in your story, make your college narrative essay writing vivid and emotional. Provide the essay reader with detailed information. You may write an essay in the form of a story relying on personal experiences. Narrative essays writing is usually filled with details and English essay writers use the technique of storytelling based on plot, characterization, setting, etc. If you do not know how to write a critical essay, read the below example of narrative essay. We hope it helps you understand better how to write a critical essay. In addition, you may contact us 24/7 to request custom narrative essay written especially for you: Examples of Narrative Essays ...What kind of a kid was I? Ornery. Mean. Nice. A nice mean kid. I had a bad temper. My grandfather, who I never knew, was a professional soldier; he fought in the Civil War. He was a cavalry officer, and we had his sword in the house. I'd get mad once in a while and chase my sisters and anybody else who was in the way with that sword. Just to scare them. Sure, I wanted to be a ballplayer when I was a kid, but it wasn't my first love. Football was. My ambition was to be the greatest football player Notre Dame ever had. When I was ten, I was competing in football against fifteen-year-old kids. Running right over them. Knute Rockne was one of my idols. I heard him talk once on the radio, one of his inspirational talks. I'll never forget it. I'm very emotional. I cry at the movies. I still get the chills when I hear "The Star-Spangled Banner." I was a hell of a soccer player, too; in fact, I was declared a professional soccer player when I was fourteen years old. I was playing for the Catholic school in St. Louis when some guy came along and offered me $50 to kick soccer one Sunday. He was trying to compete against the pros in St. Louis, and he was signing all the kids from the Catholic schools who could kick soccer and who could run. And he was giving us $50, which was a lot of money. My dad was making $25 a week and supporting twelve children... Did you like the above example? Would you like to have such a narrative essay written especially for you? We are working 24/7 to provide you with professional narrative essay writing service at any time of day and night you may need our help.There is no topic we cannot handle. Popular posts: Research Paper Example Psychology Research Papers Persuasive Research Paper Papers Psychology Research Paper Religion Research

Health care finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health care finance - Essay Example sults are preferable than the expected results, the variable is favorable (F).on the other hand, if the actual results are not as good as the expected results, the variance is an adverse (A) (Murphy and Wood 275). There are two kinds of budgets from the accounting point of view: capital budgets and operating budgets. Budgets are characterized by such programs as operations, maintenance, security, and environmental among others. Operating budget is a term used to refer instances when informal conversations within an organization turn to the budget. Facility managers usually have more control over operating budgets as compared to the capital budget. They symbolize out-of-pocket costs that organizations try to avoid (Murphy and Wood 277). They can be either short-term or mid-term. Capital budgets, on the other hand, are comparatively static. They involve less scrutiny, longer terms, and fewer cost types. They are sensitive to the management of operating budgets. Cost measurement has been found very effective in the maintenance of operating and capital budgets through the variance analysis. Effective and efficient budgeting in the control of operating costs is an essential part in the attempt to increase the value of a business over time. Operating budgeting should, therefore, analyze strategies for capital budgeting and strive to increase efficiency (Warren, et.al 31). For this to be accomplished there is a need for integrated budget planning. The budgeting process and business planning should offer this opportunity. Cost measurement has, however, been the most effective manner through which this efficiency is achieved. There are two major methods of measuring costs in the attempt to maintain operating and capital budgets effectively. One of these methods is the total absorption costing method (Warren, et.al 31). This involves making an attempt to achieve the full cost in the production of a single unit of an item by making an account of all production costs both

Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research - Essay Example Speaking in the terms of economics we need to strengthen first the factors of production to set up a new venture namely land, labour, capital and organization; be it either service oriented or manufacture based or even trading. The first and foremost necessity is the project with clear layers of strategic growth. One has to acquire land that covers building and machinery for the initiation. After the acquisition of the land, the entrepreneur has to move on proper legal documentation such as â€Å"Registration of the Firm†. Once the registration is done furnishing its source of fund, annual estimated turn over, chain of man power and delegation of responsibilities we can precede further. Then it is important needs to the source of raw materials that have to be procured from the possible cheapest region with the lowest cost of transportation. Eventually we need a clear road map to market our product. Thus, every entrepreneur set the bridge of profit across the flow of the possib le consumers.

Google Essay Example for Free

Google Essay Google is one of the most desirable companies to work for on the planet. To find out how to get a job at Google, I spoke with William Poundstone, who is the author of Are You Smart Enough to Work at Google?. He is the author of twelve books, including How Would You Move Mount Fuji? and Fortune’s Formula, which was Amazon Editors’ pick for the #1 nonfiction book of the year in 2005. He has written for the New York Times, Harper’s, Harvard Business Review, and the Village Voice, among other publications. In this interview, he talks about the hardest question that they ask you, how to survive each of the five interviews, and much more. What is the single hardest question they ask you when interviewing at Google? â€Å"What number comes next in this sequence: 10, 9, 60, 90, 70, 66†¦? † Move up http://i. forbesimg. com tMove down What Employers Are Thinking When They Look At Your Facebook Page Kashmir HillKashmir HillForbes Staff The Companies That Give The Toughest Job Interviews Jacquelyn SmithJacquelyn SmithForbes Staff The Best Companies To Work For Jacquelyn SmithJacquelyn SmithForbes Staff This question is hard because you either see the â€Å"trick† or you don’t. Nothing you learned in school is likely to help. Try spelling out the numbers—you’ll see that they are in order of the number of letters in the word. â€Å"Sixty-six† has eight letters, so the next number must have nine. One possible answer is â€Å"ninety-six. † How many rounds of interviews do you have to go through and how many people survive each round? Google applicants have about five interviews. The company’s human resources people have given a lot of thought to that number. They believe in the â€Å"wisdom of crowds,† so they want multiple opinions of each applicant. But they’re done research and found little or no marginal value after five interviews. Normally every applicant goes through all five rounds. The only exceptions are the rare cases where a candidate is clearly unsuitable after the first couple of interviews. What kind of intelligence do you need to solve the many puzzles they give you during interviews? They want many types of intelligence. Google’s interviewers try to design questions that test (1) whether you know your field of expertise; (2) whether you can apply what you know in an unfamiliar context; and (3) whether you can make â€Å"creative† leaps to arrive at a solution. Their best questions operate on all these levels. How do you go about getting a leg up on the competition? It’s not just about getting a â€Å"right answer. † They’re interested in your thought process, and your whole explanation counts. Because these are difficult questions, the first answer or approach that pops into your head is almost always wrong. That provides a way to get a running start on your answer: Explain to the interviewer how this â€Å"obvious† approach fails. You’re expected to brainstorm various approaches, but make sure you tie it all together at the end. The last thing a technology company wants is someone who never brings a project to completion! Who shouldn’t apply for jobs at Google? Why? Google is very clear about who it wants: extremely bright extroverts. The company is founded on intensive collaboration. This is reflected even in the office layout, with only a handful of private offices. (When employees feel an occasional need for privacy, they seek out an empty conference room. ) The stereotypical engineer—someone who works best alone and hates distractions—is probably not a good fit.

The Technique of Role Playing :: essays research papers

The Technique of Role Playing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the techniques used most often by theatre high school teachers is role-playing. The reasons that this technique is often used are numerous. When students read a text silently some of the nuance contained in the meaning can be lost. This is particularly true when dealing with a play, or anything containing multiple characters. Reading the piece aloud can help them to understand the connotation as well as the denotation. In the theatre, how a passage is spoken will determine the feeling that it carries with it. Lines of dialogue can suddenly become funny or sad once given inflection. This is the prime reason role-playing is used. The prime time that this technique is employed is when teaching the works of Shakespeare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The usual set up for a role-playing exercise is as follows: first the teacher will have the students read the text by themselves, then he/she will define any strange or outdated language used in the text. Often with Shakespeare students find the use of the King’s English confusing and therefore do not understand the piece. Once the terms used are understood, the teacher can ask students to read sections aloud that they may hear how the words flow together. Then two or more students are chosen to act out the section with some minimal movement. This added blocking creates the idea that the dialogue motivates the actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When doing this type of activity it is best to employ a combination of two different teaching philosophies. One of them is Pragmatism and the other is Idealism. Idealists value the mind and concepts over all things. In this exercise, it is important to keep this sort of attitude. Students may not always understand the full meaning of the text. Often their young lives do not contain enough experience to comprehend the decisions, or actions that characters make. That is why it is more important that the class grasp the idea of motivated action. The intended meaning of a line will determine how the other characters perceive and react to it. This also lends itself to the idealist precept that life should be guided by thought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pragmatism inherent in the exercise comes in to play when dealing with the conclusions reached in class. All of the conclusions reached are subject to change with the individual reciting the piece. That is why theatre teachers often show more than one performance to the class.

Agricultural_Development

Before the start of the 20th century, the overwhelming majority of increases in agricultural production were the result of an increase in the amount of cultivated areas. However, the start of the 21st century has come to demand that nearly all increases in agricultural production result from the increased productivity of existing cultivated areas, thereby leaving an extremely window of time for countries to make the dramatic shift from a system of production that has long been based on resources to one that is based on science (Ruttan, 2001 p. 179).To quantify the shift in terms of population, as the global population neared $1 billion, the increased demand for agriculture was met by expanding farm land area. In sharp contrast, the population, and consequently the demand for agriculture, more than doubled after 1950. Virtually all of the demand, which suddenly doubled, was met by increasing farm productivity (Federico, 2005 p. 388).For developed countries, the shift from a most resou rce-based system to a science-based system began in the 19th century. But, unfortunately for developing countries, these changes did not begin to take place until the second half of the 20th century, thereby leaving the developing countries at a disadvantage because the demands place on agriculture had doubled by this time.Population and income growth were the underlying causes of this two-fold increase. Because demands are expected to rapidly double again, substantial and scientific and technical effort will be required in the world’s poorest in countries in order for them to complete the transition to the science-based system (Ruttan, 2001 p. 179).Since the 1950s, the overall understanding of agriculture’s role in economic development has increased. In the past, development economists in premodern and traditional societies viewed agriculture as static as sustained annual growth rates as low as 0.5 to 1% were feasible over extended periods.With industrialization, agri cultural output growth rates increased to 1.5% to 2.5%, rates which were sustained for extended periods of time in Western Europe, North America, and Japan. Since 1950, growth rates have shifted further upward to 3%.This increase primarily took place in newly developing countries like Brazil, The People’s Republic of China, and Mexico. As output growth rates steadily increased, economists came to adopt the new view that agriculture was dynamic rather than static (Ruttan, 2001 p. 180).By 1960, the high-payoff input model merged as a new theory by which economists were attempting to understand agriculture. It took into consideration agroenvironmental constraints and is based on the conclusion that these constrains make agricultural technology location specific.For example, it was discovered that technologies that were developed in highly developed countries were generally not transferable to less developed countries which had different climates and resource endowments.Additiona lly, it appeared evident that because poor countries were not providing peasant farmers with technical and economic opportunities, reallocating resources in traditional peasant agriculture would only produce marginal productivity gains.Under the high-payoff input model, it was argued that developing economies could be transformed by investments from the public and private sectors to make high-payoff technical inputs available to poor farmers (Ruttan, 2001 p. 187).Between the 1970s and mid 1980s, Hayami, Ruttan ,and Binswanger developed a new agricultural model in which conditions in the economic system arose from technical and institutional change. This model was based on the recognition that there is more than one path to technological development.These different paths to development make it possible for a country to substitute more abundant factors for scarce factors. Techniques which allow for the substitution of other labor factors are termed â€Å"labor saving†, while te chniques which facilitate the substitution of other land factors are referred to as â€Å"land saving†.Mechanical technology corresponds with labor saving technology, as it substitutes power and machinery for labor. Biological technology, which tends to substitute intensive production practices and industrial inputs for land, corresponds with land saving techniques.Chemical fertilizers, increased recycling of manures, pesticides, and pathogen-resistant crops are example of land saving technologies. Mechanical technology and mechanical processes were the driving force of the industrial revolution. But biological and chemical technologies became more prominent in the latter half of the 20th century (Ruttan, 2001 p. 188, 190).

Language in Anthony and Brutus’ Speeches Essay

Compare and contrast Henry’s use of rhetoric to affect others in his Harfleur speeches with the effectiveness of the language in Anthony and Brutus’ speeches In Henry V, Henry uses rhetoric very effectively as he persuades the Governor at Harfleur to surrender and encourages his troops onward with his ‘Once more unto the breach’ speech. This is very similar to Anthony and Brutus of Julius Caesar as they use rhetoric to influence the ‘mob’; firstly Brutus wins the crowd over and they believe the death of Caesar is a good thing and then Anthony turns them around and they end up hating Cassius and Brutus. Henry uses rhetoric to create a number of different effects one of them being to persuade the Governor to surrender. Rhoda Koenig suggests that this scene ‘points up the character of this immature and disaffected king’, which I disagree with as I believe that this speech shows just how the King has matured as he is able to bluff his way through as his army is, really, worn and battered. This speech shows how Henry’s words are more powerful than his army, which is similar to Anthony in Julius Caesar who turns the mob into a state of madness just through the use of his oratorical skills. For example, Henry starts his speech with short, sharp sentences: â€Å"How yet resolves the governor of the/ town?† This creates an assertive beginning and one that makes Henry seem powerful and stern. This coupled with the use of a rhetorical question puts the Governor in a situation where the mercy of Henry is in his hands, as if the outcome of his men depends on his decision. This also removes the responsibility from Henry’s shoulders which is a recurring theme throughout the play. Henry also describes what the outcome could look like if the Governor doesn’t surrender: â€Å"The gates of mercy shall be all shut up.† The use of a metaphor here, ‘the gates of mercy’, refers to Henry as if once he starts the battle there’s no goi ng back. This is used to scare the Governor so that he believes Harfleur will be desecrated once the battle has begun. This, of course, is a faà §ade as Henry knows full-well that his army is worn thin and lacking in strength. This demonstrates Henry’s good leadership, as he bluffs his way through with confidence. Also, this quote contains lots of monosyllables which make it very powerful and reinforces the threat which forces the Governor to surrender. Bernard Richards raised an interesting point where he said that Shakespeare ‘wanted to show the full range of war – the glamour as well as the squalid and obscene violence.’ This interested me as throughout this speech there is talk of atrocities of war such as ‘shrieking daughters’ while elsewhere in the play we see the French think of war as glorious. This is very similar to Brutus in Julius Caesar who has to use rhetoric to convince the crowd to surrender, as they are initially angry at the conspirat ors for killing their leader. For example, he uses rhetorical questions to force the crowd to realise that the murder of Caesar will benefit them: â€Å"Who here is so base [†¦] Who here is so rude [†¦] Who is so vile [†¦] for him have I offended.† The crowd are forced to ask themselves if they would want to be slaves, for example, which they of course answer ‘no’. The use of a three-part list also emphasizes this and would allow the crowd to remember this more accurately: â€Å"Let him be Caesar!† This quote shows that Brutus’s rhetoric successfully convinces the crowd, although they appear to have missed the point as they want Brutus to be ‘the new Caesar’ and the sole leader of Rome which is what the conspirators were fighting against. It is also interesting to note that Shakespeare’s main characters usually speak in blank verse, but here Brutus speaks in prose. This is because prose is the perfect way to persuade so has a stronger affect on the crowd. It could also be argued that because he speaks to the low-life characters, they will understand prose better than blank verse. Within his speech Brutus also uses repetition which reinforces his message: â€Å"Hear me for cause [†¦] hear.† The use of framing repetition here grabs the crowd’s attention and makes them listen. He also repeats ‘honour’ throughout his speech: â€Å"Believe me for mine honour, and have respect for mine honour.† This repetition is used to emphasize to the crowd that the conspirator’s cause was honourable and that they have done the right thing while it also serves to remind the crowd how Brutus is an honourable man, which is a similarity with Henry who also takes great care in ensuring the cause for going to war is moral. The repetition would ‘grind’ it into the crowds’ heads so that it’s almost like subliminal messaging. The repetition also shows how Brutus is still unsure himself and that he is trying to convince himself that they have done the right thing. Henry also uses rhetoric to empower his army and urge them on at Harfluer in what Hal Hinson of the Washington Post calls ‘the greatest half-time speech in human historyà ¢â‚¬â„¢. Here, Henry is forced to persuade his army that they should not retreat but attack once again: â€Å"Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more.† Similarly to Brutus, Henry uses framing repetition to encourage his army to attack Harfleur once more. The repetition helps to reinforce the message and will stick in their minds through the battle. Also in this quote, he uses an endearing pronoun ‘friend’. This affects the army as they will feel that they are all friends of the King and will have a surge of confidence. This will help the army to conquer whatever they face, even though they have had to retreat. Interestingly, this contrast to what the Chorus says in the preceding scene as he states that the great British are invading France when really they are being forced to retreat. Henry also uses alliteration: â€Å"But when the blast of war blows in our ears.† The use of plosive alliteration here creates a powerful sound which suggests that the English army are powerful enough to defeat the French. This also shows Henry’s passion as if it’s bursting out of him as he desperately wants his men to survive as he feels guilty that the war may not have an honourable cause. Also is this speech, sibilance is used: â€Å"Stiffen the sinews.† This also creates quite an aggressive sound which would be passed onto the soldiers and make them feel aggressive and willing to fight. Henry also uses figurative language: â€Å"Let it pry [†¦] like the brass cannon.† This simile likens the mind prying to a cannon – an item associated with war – which would rile up the soldiers and also remind them that they are at war, its kill or be killed. Another simile used refers to Alexander the Great: â€Å"On, on, you noblest English [†¦] like so many Alexanders.† Here, Henry likens his army to a group of Alexander the Greats. Alexander the Great is a figure of Greek legend which states that he conquered the Persian Empire. It also says that he was often reckless with his own life and his soldiers as he believed he was indestructible. This would encourage his men and fill them with confidence as Alexander was a great warrior and Henry’s army will feel equally invincible. Shakespeare’s Elizabethan audience were very interested in Greek culture so the simile would have been more relevant and had more effect than it would on our society who have a lesser interest. Also, in this quote he addresses the ‘noblest English ’while further on he addresses the â€Å"good yeomen.† Henry directly addresses each social class as his army was compiled of a number of different classes, even nationalities. King Henry V was known for uniting people under him as he prevented a civil war between the Church and the Government and th is unity is shown in the scene between Gower, Fluellen, Jamy and MacMorris. This scene also, as James Shapiro suggests, ‘prophetically anticipates the notion of a united kingdom’. Although these nations were far from united in 1599, when the play was written as England and Ireland were at war, and some were very hostile during Henry’s reign. For example, James Shapiro criticizes that Henry says the Scots may attack yet here they are united. This would make each soldier feel important, needed and a friend of the king’s, which would, ultimately, provide the soldiers with confidence to fight, and beat, the French. Likewise, Mark Anthony in Julius Caesar also addresses his crowd individually while manipulating them until they run riot around Rome: â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen.† Anthony immediately begins with a three-part list which grabs his audience’s attentions and the first word used is ‘friends’. This instantly makes the crowd warm to him as he is speaking to them as equals. This is similar to Henry who calls his army the ‘noble English’ and ‘good yeomen’, while it contrasts with Brutus who says, â€Å"Romans, countrymen, and lovers†, as if ‘lovers’ is an afterthought. This may hint at why Henry and Anthony were successful at convincing their audience while Brutus failed, because Henry and Anthony allowed the audience to warm to them while Brutus did not. Another way Anthony wins his crowd over is by using repetition: â€Å"And Brutus is an honourable man.† This is repeated at regular intervals throughout his speech and each time it becomes more sarcastic. The sarcastic tone induces the crowd to question whether killing Caesar was an honourable thing. Here, in the same way as Brutus, he uses subliminal messaging; however he uses it against Brutus and to much better effect as the crowd end up rampaging across Rome. In conclusion, Henry and Anthony use rhetoric and their oratorical skills very well – combining repetition, friendly language, and other techniques – to persuade their respective crowds to see their way of thinking. Brutus, however, fails to convince his crowd (or is unable to deliver a speech worthy of Anthony’s) which goes to show how good Anthony’s speech is. Henry manages to convince the Governor to surrender, and convince his battered army to continue, while Anthony manages to convince an audience who love Brutus, to hunt him down. Brutus, on the other hand, cannot prevent the people of Rome from turning against him as he didn’t endear himself to the crowd.

Where Whales Have Hair and How Its Used

Where Whales Have Hair and How It's Used Whales are mammals, and one of the characteristics common to all mammals is the presence of hair. We all know that whales arent furry creatures, so where do whales have hair? Whales Do Have Hair While its not immediately obvious, whales do have hair.  There are over 80 species of whales, and hair is only visible in some of these species. In some adult whales, you cant see hair at all, as some species only have hair when they are fetuses in the womb. Where Is Hair in Whales? First, lets look at baleen whales. Most of the baleen  whales have hair follicles if not visible hair. The location of the hair follicles is similar to the whiskers in terrestrial mammals. They are found along the jawline on the upper and lower jaw, on the chin, along the midline on top of the head, and sometimes along the blowhole. Baleen whales known to have hair follicles as adults include  humpback, fin, sei,  right,  and  bowhead  whales. Depending on the species, the whale may have 30 to 100 hairs, and there are usually more on the upper jaw than the lower jaw.   Of these species, the hair follicles are probably most visible in the humpback whale, which  has golf ball-sized bumps on its head, called tubercles, which house the hairs. Within each of these bumps, called tubercles, there is a hair follicle. The toothed whales, or odontocetes, are a different story. Most of these whales lose their hair shortly after birth. Before theyre born, they have some hairs on the sides of their rostrum or snout. One species, though, has visible hairs as an adult. This is the  Amazon river dolphin or boto, which has stiff hairs on its beak. These hairs are thought to add to the botos ability to find food on muddy lake and river bottoms. If you want to get technical, this whale doesnt quite count as marine life, as it lives in fresh water. Hairlike Baleen Baleen whales  also have hairlike structures in their mouth called baleen, which is made of keratin, a protein that is also found in hair and nails. How Is the Hair Used? Whales have blubber to keep them warm, so they dont need fur coats. Having hairless bodies also helps whales release heat more easily into the water when they need to. So, why do they need hair? Scientists have several theories on the purpose of the hair. Since there are lots of nerves in and around the hair follicles, they are likely used to sense something. What that is, we dont know. Perhaps they can use them to sense prey - some scientists have suggested that prey may brush against the hairs, and allow the whale to determine when it has found a high enough prey density to begin feeding (if enough fish bump against the hairs it must be time to open up and eat). Some think that the hairs may be used to detect changes in water currents or turbulence. It is also thought that the hairs may have a social function, perhaps being used in social situations, by calves communicating a need to nurse, or perhaps in sexual situations. Sources Goldbogen, J.A., Calambokidis, J., Croll, D.A., Harvey, J.T., Newton, K.M., Oleson, E.M., Schorr, G., and R.E. Shadwick. 2008. Foraging behavior of humpback whales: kinematic and respiratory patterns suggest a high cost for a lunge. J Exp Biol 211, 3712-3719.Mead, J.G. and J.P. Gold. 2002. Whales and Dolphins in Question. Smithsonian Institution Press. 200pp.Mercado, E. 2014. Tubercles: What Sense Is There? Aquatic Mammals (Online).Reidenberg, J.S. and J.T. Laitman. 2002. Prenatal Development in Cetaceans.  In Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. 1414pp.Yochem, P.K. and B.S. Stewart. 2002. Hair and Fur.  In  Perrin, W.F., Wursig, B. and J.G.M. Thewissen. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. 1414pp.

The Best AP Biology Study Guide

The Best AP Biology Study Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Studying for AP Biology is a big undertaking, and it can seem pretty overwhelming at first. However, if you get an early start and have the right strategies and tools at your disposal, you stand a strong chance of getting a great score on the test. In this complete AP Biology study guide, my goal is to provide you with all the resources you need to carry out a focused, effective study plan. I'll provide you with all the information you need to begin your journey to a 5 (nope, it's not too ambitious!). What’s the Purpose of This Guide? This AP Biology study guide will give you the tools you need to prepare for the final AP Biology test as well as any assessments you encounter in your class throughout the year.In the first section, I will give you some advice on how to structure your study plan for the AP test depending on your level of preparation and the amount of time you have before the exam.You may decide to skip this section if you’re not ready to start studying for the final exam yet, but you can also read it to get an idea of how you will organize things in the future. In the next section, I’ll provide some study strategies that will help you get the most out of the information and resources contained in this guide.Access to content won’t get you a great score unless you know how to absorb it efficiently and apply it to the format of the test! In the two sections following these tips, I’ll link to notes that you can use to study different aspects of the course.The first section covers all the basic content that's taught in AP Biology, organized by the course’s four "Big Ideas" (or main themes).The second section will link to descriptions of each of the labs you'll need to be familiar with in this course in case you lost any reports from earlier in the year! Finally, I’ll provide a list of online resources that you can use to practice your AP Biology skills and review the concepts you’ve learned. AP Biology Study Plans Before you decide on a study plan, I would advise you to take a practice test to see where you’re currently scoring.You can use a test in a review book or look online for sample tests from 2013 or later.Once you take and score this test, you can think more critically about how much time you need to spend studying for AP Biology.I’ll give you an example of two study plans; the 10-hour plan is if you’re hoping to improve by one AP point or just hone your skills so that you’re more solidly in the 5 range.The 20-hour plan is for students who are hoping to improve by around 2 AP points.Each plan has the same four components: #1: Take Practice Tests Beyond the default diagnostic test, you will need to continue taking practice tests as you study for AP Biology.This is a way to check your progress and get familiar with the format of the test so that you aren’t caught off-guard on exam day. #2: Analyze Mistakes on Practice Tests This is a critical component of AP Biology studying.After you take a practice test, you should sit down and go through your mistakes to see which content areas gave you the most trouble.This will help you to avoid studying irrelevant things or neglecting areas where your knowledge is weaker. #3: Study Weak Content Areas Based on the information you learn from analyzing your mistakes, you can focus on the content areas that need the most work.Your goal is to patch up all the holes before you take another practice test. #4: Revise Test-Taking Strategies This is another step you need to take after analyzing your mistakes.If you made mistakes due to time pressure or careless errors, you should think about changing your test-taking strategies to avoid this in the future.Try not to linger for more than a minute on difficult questions.Underline the most important parts of each question so that you don’t make careless mistakes! Here are the two plans broken down into their different components, with some rough guidelines for how much time you should spend on each step: 10 Hour Study Plan Analyze your mistakes on the diagnostic test: 1.5 hours Study relevant content areas and revise test-taking strategies: 2 hours Take and score another practice test: 4 hours Analyze your mistakes on the second practice test: 1.5 hours Final study session: 1 hour 20 Hour Study Plan Analyze your mistakes on the diagnostic test: 1.5 hours Study relevant content areas and revise test-taking strategies: 3 hours Take and score another practice test: 4 hours Analyze your mistakes on the second practice test: 1.5 hours Study content areas that are still giving you trouble and revise test-taking strategies again: 3 hours Take and score a third practice test: 4 hours Analyze your mistakes: 1.5 hours Final study session: 1.5 hours When I do crossword puzzles, I sometimes grade myself, so they're similar to AP practice tests except with no reward beyond the satisfaction of knowing arcane information that is usually completely irrelevant to my life. Fun fact: the apostrophe in Hawaiian words is called an okina. 4AP Biology Study Strategies AP Biology is a tough class that covers tons of complex information.If you want to use this guide to prepare effectively for the AP test and other tests throughout the year, you’ll need to use study strategies that complement the material.Here are a few of my recommendations: #1: When in Doubt, Draw It Out If you’re feeling shaky on your knowledge of a process or system in AP Biology, one helpful strategy is to draw it.This will both reinforce what you know and highlight what you still need to work on learning.Once you’re able to draw an accurate diagram of a system or process without looking at your notes, you can feel confident that you know how it works. For example, you could challenge yourself to draw a diagram of a cell membrane, label its different components, and explain their significance. You could also draw a process like mitosis that happens in clear visual stages or a more complex process like cellular respiration, where you might focus on one aspect at a time (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain).This advice ties into the next strategy on this list. If you can draw a diagram, you haven’t just memorized facts, you’ve connected them to their place within a larger context. #2: Don’t Just Memorize - Make Connections Since the recent redesign of the AP Biology exam, the focus of the questions has beenasking students to demonstrate a deeper understanding of complex biological concepts.Memorization is still important for the test, but it won’t get you a good score if you do it in isolation.Each term or concept in AP Biology is connected to a larger theme, and it’s your job to understand those connections and their implications.This will enable you to answer questions on the test that ask you to analyze hypothetical scenarios based on your biology knowledge. So, if you're studying DNA structure and replication, you shouldn't just memorize the names of the nucleotides and the enzymes that aid in DNA replication. These things are important, and you should know them, but you need to go beyond this type of knowledge. How does DNA go from just a chain of molecules inside a cell to the foundation of every organism's individuality? How does it relate to reproduction and gene expression? How is it translated into the formation of other systems in the body? Each fact that you memorize should lead you to ask yourself questions like this to ground your understanding. Biology is not a collection of random tidbits of information but a web of interrelated concepts. The clearer this becomes to you, the better! #3: Know Lab Procedures Labs make up a significant portion of the AP Biology course, and the test reflects this fact.You should review all of your labs, and make sure that you understand their outcomes and methodologies.It’s especially important that you familiarize yourself with the fundamental building blocks of a good experiment.There are often questions on the test that ask about different experimental variables or require you to predict the outcome of an experiment.The more familiar you are with your labs, the more likely it is that you’ll be able to answer these questions easily based on your memory of similar experiments in class. #4: Use Practice Tests Strategically This tip is evident in my study plans in the previous section, but it’s worth mentioning again.You shouldn’t just study the material and expect to do well, especially on a test like AP Biology that requires a significant amount of analysis in its questions.You can use practice tests to judge which content areas need the most work and whether you need to revamp your test-taking strategies.Practice tests can be found in review books or online.Just make sure you use tests that are for the new version of the exam (69 questions in the multiple choice section, not 100!). If you take enough practice tests, you'll be able to see exactly where you're going wrong and how you can fix your mistakes. The same thing happens if you play enough chess games. The main thing you need to know about chess is that the horsey moves in the shape of a fancy couch. AP Biology Content In this section, I'll include notes on each topic area in AP Biology followed by a list of videos that cover these topics as well. Most students should probably start with the notes to gather a solid foundation of knowledge. If you're reading the notes and you feel like you're going to fall asleep, try switching to a video explanation instead. The notes are more in-depth than the videos, so you should probably read them all at some point, but you can alternate between the different formats depending on how you feel and which learning style works best for you. You can even take notes to reinforce the informationas you watch the videos or print out the notes and use them as a guide when watching a video explanation. Don't feel pressured to commit to one type of resource over the other - switching it up every once in a while will keep things from getting boring. Notes and Outlines Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life Natural selection Hardy-Weinberg Biodiversity Vertebrates Invertebrates Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Protists Fungi Plant evolution Animal evolution Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Molecular biology Water Carbon/molecular diversity of life Macromolecules Homeostasis Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic respiration Metabolism Cell structure Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes Eukaryotic cell structure Cell membrane properties Active transport Passive transport Phospholipid bilayer Immune response Big Idea 3: Living systems store, receive, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes Genes DNA structure and replication Mendel and the laws of inheritance Cell cycle Mitosis Meiosis Cancerous cells Cell communication Viruses Endocrine system Nervous system Big Idea 4: Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties How Plants Work Plant Structure Transport in Vascular Plants Plant Nutrition Circulatory system and respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Muscular and skeletal systems Ecology Behavioral Population Community Ah plants. They're like animals, but they eat the sun! Alive. Videos Bozeman Science This YouTube channel has a whole playlist of â€Å"AP Biology Video Essentials.† Topics of Special Interest: The New AP Biology Exam: A User’s Guide Photosynthesis and Respiration Transport Across Cell Membranes Cellular Organelles Mendelian Genetics DNA and RNA Nervous System Amoeba Sisters This is a YouTube channel with a bunch of cute videos that explain biological concepts simply and with a touch of humor. Topics of Special Interest (there are more if you check out the full playlist): Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis DNA Replication and Structure Protein Synthesis Osmosis Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Bacteria Plant Structure Inheritance Viruses Food Webs and Energy Exchange Systems of the Human Body Crash Course Full Biology Playlist (includes a couple of extra videos that aren’t on this list of main topics if you’re interested!) Topics of Special Interest: Heredity Natural Selection Population Genetics Species Classification (Taxonomy) Cellular Respiration Structure and function of animal cells and plant cells Cell Membranes and Transport Biological Molecules Photosynthesis DNA Structure and Replication Mitosis and Meiosis Plant Reproduction Ecology The Body’s Systems: Nervous System Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Digestive System Excretory System Skeletal System Muscular System Immune System Endocrine System Reproductive System Khan Academy There’s a long playlist of Biology videos on Khan Academy’s channel.These go more in-depth into various aspects of different biological concepts and are longer than the videos from the other channels.They’re a bit of a commitment, but they can help you become even more of a biology expert. At the original Khan Academy, everyone had to take Pillaging 101 as a prerequisite unless they got really high scores on the SAT (Scourge Aptitude Test). AP Biology Labs This section includes all the information you need to know about AP Biology labs. The documents I've referenced for each lab are the official College Board descriptions. They're pretty extensive, but you don't have to read every word; I'd recommend skipping to the second section of each document where the headings become red instead of blue (the blue section is more for teachers than students). Pay attention to the questions that are asked in the documents as each step of the lab process is completed. Contemplating and understanding the answers to these questions will help you to get a better handle on the purpose of the lab. At the very least, you should review the Background and Procedure for each lab to refresh your memory of what you did and why. Notes and Outlines There are thirteen labs included in the AP Biology curriculum.Here’s a link to a page that briefly goes through all of the labs you’ll do in a standard AP Biology class.These are categorized by â€Å"Big Idea† to match the structure of the course's content. Labs for Big Idea 1 1. Artificial selection2. Mathematical modeling (Hardy-Weinberg)3. Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships Labs for Big Idea 2 4. Diffusion and Osmosis5. Photosynthesis6. Cellular Respiration Labs for Big Idea 3 7. Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis8. Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation9. Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Labs for Big Idea 4 10. Energy Dynamics11. Transpiration12. Fruit Fly Behavior13. Enzyme Activity Make sure you go through the actual lab work you did in class as well. Reports and data based on your own experiences are the most valuable resources for this aspect of the curriculum. Videos Bozeman Science Labs 1 through 7 Labs 8 through 13 Unfortunately, I wasn’t able to find many videos going through the AP Biology labs because the current labs are relatively new, and most videos deal with the pre-2012 lab structure. Some types of labs are cuter than others. Study Resources to Test Your Knowledge In this section are some of the best resources you can use during your AP Biology prep. Quizlet This site has many different user-created sets of terms that you can use to review for the AP test or any other in-class tests.Check out thisUltimate AP Biology Vocabulary Review; there are over 1,000 terms to help you review what you’ve learned.You can study them in flashcard form and then quiz yourself all in one place!Quizlet also has tons of other AP Biology study sets that will help you review all the details you need to know for different units.You can sign up for free. Learnerator There are some good practice questionshere that cover the main concepts within each big idea of the AP Biology curriculum.I like that they include many questions about lab procedures to ensure that you don’t lose out on the lab aspect of biology studying.If you go through all the questions, the site will tell you whether you’re prepared for the test based on how many you answer correctly in each section.You should take this with a grain of salt, but it is helpful as a way to see exactly which concepts are giving you the most trouble. Clear Biology This site has a few different practice resources.Here’s a worksheet for grid-in questions as well as detailed instructions for answering these types of questions. And here are some tips for answering free response questions. Varsity Tutors There are tons of mini practice quizzes on this site for all the AP Biology topics, andthey’re rated by difficulty level, so you’ll know whether you really have a topic down. Diagnostic tests are also available for a more holistic look at your strengths and weaknesses. Barron’s You can take a free practice test on the Barron’s website without purchasing the review book.Choose between timed and un-timed versions: barronsbooks.com/ap/bio/. Wow, those were some XTREMEly awesome study tools! I don't know why I'm trying to relate to AP Biology students with a vague sports reference. But I'm sure some of you do the sports ball playing. Conclusion With the tips and tools in this AP Biology study guide, you should be able to formulate a comprehensive approach to studying. You can use these resources throughout the year as you build up your knowledge, or you can use them just in the month(s) before the AP test, depending on how you learn best. Here's a little review of everything I've covered. Your study plan should consist of: Taking practice tests Analyzing mistakes Studying weak content areas Revising test-taking strategies Some study tips to remember are: Draw out systems and processes so you can understand them better Don't just memorize facts, make connections to larger themes Make sure you're familiar with your labs and the principles of experimental design Take practice tests frequently You can use notes from your class as well as the notes in this guide as anchors for your studying. If you learn better by watching videos, you should definitely check out the video explanations of different concepts that I've listed above. And once again, don't forget to go over your labs!This is a tough subject, and there's a lot to remember, but if you give yourself enough time to absorb it all and are conscious of where you need the most improvement, you can master the skills you need to be successful in your class and on the test. What's Next? If you're taking AP Biology, you probably have big plans for higher education. Find out how many AP classes you should take in high school if you're looking at highly selective colleges. What does a high score on an AP test get you? Learn more about how AP credit works at colleges. Do you need to take a couple of SAT Subject Tests to submit with your college applications? Read this article for an explanation of the differences between AP tests and SAT Subject Tests and an overview of the challenges presented by each. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Financial Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Analysis - Coursework Example They also state that the market value is not determined by the dividend policy. In relation to the irrelevance of dividends, two theorems are applied; these are Modigliani-Miller approach and residual theory (Thompson & Mathew 82). Q2. The major assumption behind the residual income valuation model is the clean surplus relationship, that stresses the relationship among book value per share, dividends and earnings: BV1 = BV0 + EPS1 - D1. It means that all the accounting profits and distribution to shareholders can be explained by changes in the book value. Another assumption is that the ohslon model comes from the information dynamics that brings together current information to future residual income. Consistent with Ohlson’s information dynamics it is found out that residual empirical research income follows a mean reverting process. In conclusion Ohlson’s formulation of the residual income valuation model provides an economical structure for incorporating information i n earnings, book value and income forecasts. The fact that there are no taxes or difference in tax rates is another major assumption made. The book value of equity uses the clean surplus approach that states earnings and net dividends modify book equity. The future residual income is overcome by the use of the equation below V0 = B0 + ?(RIt / (1 + r)t) = B0 + ? ((Et - r x Bt-1) / (1 + r)t) where V0 - value of a company's stock. B0 - present book value per share. Bt - book value per share at the end of period t. r - cost of equity. Et - future EPS for period t. RIt - residual income per share for period t. Q3. Francis and Schipper realized that in recent times, the value relevance of accounting information has been under constant scrutiny by the stock market researchers and set out to test it. Another test that they made use of is that of investigating the relationship between a set of independent accounting variables and security price dependent variable. In order, to extend their t ests to account for change in relevance over time, they made use of linear regression, which was an estimation technique that determined the value relevance of accounting data. Q4. The property of timeliness is an important role in accrual accounting since it aligns the expense recognition and timing of revenue. Accountants produce an earnings variable by adding accruals to operating cash. Conservatism is defined as the asymmetry between loss and gain recognition. Loss accruals are important in that they allow management compensation; determine earnings quality and improving the usefulness of financial statements generally. Journal of Accounting and Economics clearly outlines the effects of international institutional features on the accounting income properties as follows. The international differences in demand for accounting directly affect change in market value over time. Asymmetry by public disclosure is characterized by the stakeholders and shareholders governance models of c ommon and code law countries. Litigation, regulation and taxation cause variations within the common Law countries. The value strategies include low price to book ratio, buying low stocks and low price to cash flow ratio stocks. The major finding of these strategies is that it is a successful investment strategy in that the value stocks outperform the whole market and growth stocks. Q5. Lakonishok, Shleifer and

Barn Burning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Barn Burning - Essay Example He maintains the same mentality all through the story and the same causes for his ultimate tragedy. Faulkner uses various symbols and motifs in order to provide a word picture of the characters and the story. Fire is used as a very powerful symbol and it has got a devastating power in controlling the actions of the story. That is why the poet off and on brings fire to the scenes. Analyzing the use of fire in the story, it is evident that Snopes takes it as the proper way to cover his inherent powerlessness and his quest for power and self expression. It is this powerlessness that made him to view other’s life with jealousy and contempt. By burning the barn, he underlines this thought and resumes his actions even after the punishment from the court. The way he prepares fire for the family is notable. He loves his family too much and dedicates himself for his family. He scolds and even strikes his son, Sartoris for not supporting the family in the crisis. After burning the barn and the family run out of the town, Snopes makes a small fire by the road side which was really insufficient for protecting the family from the cold season. It indicates that he could not protect his family i n a critical juncture, even if he is capable of committing fiery crimes. Snopes takes fire as a weapon to cover his inability and he regards it as the means of protecting his integrity. Being powerless and poor, he depends on fire as the right method to avenge upon his false concepts. Therefore, the fire in the story is symbolic to the powerlessness or impotency of Snopes. The soiled rug is another symbol that Faulkner uses effectively in order to unveil the grudge of Snopes to the lordship. Snopes uses horse manure to soil the carpet the house of Major de Spain. Here one could identify the change in Snopes modes operandi in committing crimes. It is the first time that